Organ Reproduksi

FISIOLOGI REPRODUKSI
ORGAN REPRODUKSI BETINA
Y. SUPRI ONDHO

PENDAHULUAN
MEMPELAJARI ORGAN REPRODUKSI
Mengetahui susunan anatomis dan fungsi-fungsi fisiologis pada organ reproduksi berbagai hewan betina.
Memahami fungsi dan peranan organ reproduksi didalam kerangka proses perkembangbiakan suatu individu.
Berguna sebagai dasar-dasar untuk melakukan penelitian dibidang reproduksi.
KAJIAN EMBRIOLOGIK ORGAN REPRODUKSI
Tahap akhir fertilisasi adalah bergabungnya kromosom yang berasal dari spermatozoa dan sel telur (proses syngami).
Jenis kelamin individu terbentuk.
Diawali terbentuk bidang benih sebagai calon organ reproduksi, dengan stimulasi aktivitas hormonal.
Gambar:
ORGAN REPRODUKSI BETINA SAPI
ORGAN REPRODUKSI BETINA SAPI
ORGAN REPRODUKSI BETINA BABI
ORGAN REPRODUKSI BETINA KUDA
ORGAN REPRODUKSI WANITA
Female Reproduction Anatomy
•Ovary
•Oviduct/Fallopian tube
•Uterus
•Vagina
•Vulva

OVARY
•located at end of Fallopian tubes/oviduct
•possesses large number of eggs in all stages of development
•this is all the eggs she will ever have, unlike the male
•very few eggs reach maturity
•if not fertilized, the egg is reabsorbed by the body

Ovary Histology
•Grow the ovum
•Produce estrogen-uterus (hormone)
•Release ova for possible fertilization in the oviduct
Maturation of Follicle and Oocyte
Follicle and Oocyte Development
•Oogenesis is the production of a secondary oocyte in ovaries
•Oogonia are cells from which oocytes develop
•Primary oocytes are surround by granulosa cells and called a primordial follicle
•Primordial follicle becomes a primary follicle when oocyte enlarges and cells change

•Primary follicle becomes secondary follicle and enlarges to form mature or Graafian follicle
–Usually only one is ovulated, others degenerate
•Primary oocyte completes first meiotic division to produce secondary oocyte and a polar body
•Secondary oocyte begins second meiotic division, which stops in metaphase II

Ovulation and Follicle Fate
•Ovulation
–Follicle swells and ruptures, secondary oocyte is released from ovary
–Second meiotic division completed when secondary oocyte unites with sperm cell to form zygote

•Fate of the follicle
–Graafian follicle become corpus luteum
–If fertilization occurs, corpus luteum persists
–If no fertilization, becomes corpus albicans

OVIDUCT/ Fallopian Tube

•Uterine horn becomes a small tube, lined with cilia which aid in egg migration.
•Open directly into peritoneal cavity to receive oocyte from ovary (ovulation).
•Transport oocyte or zygote from ovary to uterus
•The fallopian tubes have fingerlike projections at the ends near the ovaries that sweep the egg into the fallopian tube after it is released from the ovaries.
•Fertilization takes place.
•Site where sperm and ova meet.
•Fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote
•After fertilization, takes 3-5 days to migrate to the uterus




Fallopian Tube (Fimbriae) of the Cow.
The OVIDUCT
Uterus (cornua,corpus)
–Site and implantation for pregnancy
–If ova/ovum is fertilized, then uterus signals the corpus luteum to produce progesterone (pregnancy maintaining hormone)
Uterine wall consists of three layers:
•Myometrium – outer muscular layer
•Endometrium – a thin, inner, glandular mucosa
•Perimetrium – an incomplete serosa continuous with the peritoneum

The Uterine Wall
Uterus (Cervix)
•Passage between the uterus and vagina.
•Muscular organ that is made up of connective tissue.
•During pregnancy, is tightly closed and forms a seal between the uterus and the vagina.

Puberty and Menstrual Cycle (woman)
•Puberty
–Begins with menarche or first episode of menstrual bleeding
–Begins when GnRH levels increase
•Menstrual Cycle
–About 28 days long
–Phases
•Proliferative phase
•Secretory phase
•Menses
–Amenorrhea: Absence of a menstrual cycle
–Menopause: Cessation of menstrual cycles

Vagina
–The vagina is a flexible tube-shaped organ that is the passageway between the uterus and the opening in the vulva.
–Female organ of copulation
–Allows menstrual flow and childbirth
–Hymen covers the vaginal opening or orifice

External genitalia

•Vulva
–Vestibule
–Labia minora and majora
–Paraurethral glands
–Clitoris
–Lesser and greater vestibular glands

The vulva
•Which is the pad of fatty tissue that covers the pubic bone and is commonly covered by pubic hair; the labia majora, the large outer lips; and the labia minora, the smaller, hairless inner lips that run along the edge of the vaginal opening and often fold over to cover it. The labia minora come together in front to form the clitoral hood, which covers the clitoris, a sensitive organ that is very important to the woman's sexual response.
•In animal (cow, sheep), become sign of heat. (A3BCD…….?)

Hormones of the female reproductive cycle
•Control the reproductive cycle
•Coordinate the ovarian and uterine cycles
The Hormonal Regulation of Ovarian Activity
The Hormonal Regulation of the Female Reproductive Cycle
Sperm Cell Movement
THANK YOU
FISIOLOGIC FUNCTION
–Production of ova (female sex cell)
–Production of female hormones
•Estrogen
•Progesterone

–Follicle